What’s CNC Metal Machining ?

Traditional mechanical processing is done by manually operating ordinary machine tools. During processing, mechanical tools are manually shaken to cut metal, and the accuracy of the product is measured by eyes using tools such as calipers. Modern industry has long used computer digitally controlled machine tools for operations. CNC machine tools can automatically process any product and parts directly according to the program pre-programmed by technicians. This is what we call “CNC processing”. CNC processing is widely used in all fields of mechanical processing, and it is also the development trend and important and necessary technical means of mold processing. What is CNC technology? Computer digital control, referred to as numerical control (Numerical Control). It is a method of controlling the movement and processing of machine tools using digital information. Machine tools that use numerical control technology to implement processing control, or machine tools equipped with numerical control systems are called numerical control (NC) machine tools. The numerical control system includes: numerical control devices, programmable controllers, spindle drivers and feed devices. CNC machine tools are highly integrated products of machinery, electricity, hydraulics, gas and light. To achieve control of machine tools, it is necessary to use geometric information to describe the relative movement between the tool and the workpiece, and to use process information to describe some process parameters that must be possessed by machine tool processing. For example: feed speed, spindle speed, spindle forward and reverse rotation, tool change, coolant switch, etc. This information forms a processing file (normally called CNC processing program) in a certain format and is stored on an information carrier (such as a disk, punched paper tape, magnetic tape, etc.), and then read by the CNC system on the machine tool (or directly input through the keyboard of the CNC system, or input through communication), and decodes it to make the machine tool move and process parts. Modern CNC machine tools are typical products of mechatronics and are the technical basis for a new generation of production technology, computer integrated manufacturing systems, etc.

The development trend of modern CNC machine tools is high speed, high precision, high reliability, multi-function, composite, intelligent and open structure. The main development trend is to develop intelligent full-function general CNC devices with open structure for both software and hardware. CNC technology is the basis of mechanical processing automation and the core technology of CNC machine tools. Its level is related to the national strategic position and the level of national comprehensive strength. It develops with the development of information technology, microelectronics technology, automation technology and detection technology. CNC machining center is a CNC machine tool with a tool magazine and can automatically change tools, and can perform multiple processing operations on workpieces within a certain range. The characteristics of processing parts on the machining center are: after the processed parts are clamped once, the CNC system can control the machine tool to automatically select and change tools according to different processes; automatically change the machine tool spindle speed, feed rate and tool relative to the workpiece motion trajectory and other auxiliary functions, and continuously perform multiple processes such as drilling, countersinking, reaming, boring, tapping, milling, etc. on each processing surface of the workpiece. Since the machining center can complete multiple processes in a centralized and automatic manner, it avoids human operation errors, reduces the time for workpiece clamping, measurement and machine tool adjustment, as well as workpiece turnover, handling and storage time, greatly improves machining efficiency and machining accuracy, so it has good economic benefits. According to the position of the spindle in space, the machining center can be divided into vertical machining center and horizontal machining center.

CNC technology and equipment are the enabling technology and the most basic equipment for the development of emerging high-tech industries and cutting-edge industries. CNC technology is widely used in the information industry, biological industry, aviation, aerospace and other national defense industries in various countries around the world to improve manufacturing capabilities and levels, and improve market adaptability and competitiveness. Industrially developed countries have also listed CNC technology and CNC equipment as national strategic materials. They not only vigorously develop their own CNC technology and its industry, but also implement blockade and restriction policies on my country in terms of “high-precision” CNC key technologies and equipment. Therefore, vigorously developing advanced manufacturing technology with CNC technology as the core has become an important way for developed countries around the world to accelerate economic development, improve comprehensive national strength and national status.